Jose Pichardo Essay

Jose Pichardo Essay Jose Pichardo Essay Jose Pichardo Eng. / Rdg. 072 April 8, 2014 Prof. T. Peacock Topic: Should Schools Provide Information about birth/ contraceptives to students under the age of 16 without parental consent? Some schools currently provide basic information about birth control/ contraceptives to its students. Some people believe that because students nowadays are engaging in sexual activity at younger ages, schools should provide information about birth control/ contraceptives without parental consent to students under the age of 16. I agree with this approach. First, students under the age of 16 are at a very vulnerable phase of their lives and should be instructed about sex wisely. Some parents do not have the appropriate preparation to talk to their children about such a delicate topic. Moreover, parents do not feel comfortable having the sex discussion with their children. This is because parents know that children under the age of 16 are embarrassed and are not mature enough to address such subject with them. Also, parents believe that if they bring up the subject to their youngsters, they may be awakening the desire for sex, as opposed as if a teacher, who may be better qualify, brings up subject to them, may do a better job. Another reason why parents should not to talk to their children about the matter is because the sex discussion may make the parent-children relationship bonding fragile. Second, instructions through schools about birth control/ contraceptives to students under the age of 16 may provide awareness about preventing pregnancy and the spread of STDs. By schools providing this basic information to our children on how to properly protect against STDs and unwanted pregnancy, the rate of sexually transmitted diseases and students conceiving at the age of 16 and younger will drop favorably. In addition to that, this may also help the students understand the consequences of being pregnant at the age of 16 or younger. With the help of schools, this will aid to inform these inexperienced folks that if sex is not addressed properly, the result may

A List of Excellent Nursing Capstone Project Ideas †Pro-Academic-Writers.com

A List of Excellent Nursing Capstone Project Ideas Before they start nursing practice, all nurses students have to go through the process of education, complete much testing, and prove their fit to health care requirements. Their practices and approaches withstand serious evaluation, mostly by means of developing a number of health projects and evidence-based assessments. If you are one of them, prepare to review of work. To complete your medical education and become a specialist dealing with patients, you have to gain knowledge about patient risks and diseases (for children and adults), disease management, best time of providing some kinds of help, and great sources for searching important patient-related information online. The type of project we are telling about today is a Capstone project. Many students often complain of having no valuable capstone ideas for nursing, which is not that hard. Let’s dig deeper into which topic to choose, where to find good free sources, how to arouse the tutor’s interest, and how to make the presentation interesting and evidence-based. Find the best nursing capstone project ideas here. Capstone Ideas for Nursing. Developing some valuable capstone ideas for nursing is not complicated; the main secret of nursing project success is to start with the list of your competencies and clinical interests letting you approach the subject by having a complete understanding thereof. Clarify what the area of your interest is. Then search for evidence on the subject – look through recent publications, approach them with a critical insight regarding what is urgent in the field. This preliminary search will give you ideas on further topic’s refining, making the research process for your nursing project move on smoothly. Some common nursing capstone project ideas you may consider include (but are not limited to): Patient falls. Many researchers work in this area, but the problem remains acute. This refers to the elderly people or those with specific mental and physical conditions, e.g., dementia. Working on such a topic may give you a hint to betterment of practices in this professional nursing area. Anesthesia. Given the recent renewed interest in the role of anesthesia in patient outcomes and search of new ways to make it safer, you may explore a wide range of nurse anesthesia capstone project ideas. Such a project will have a guaranteed success. Wound care. Wounds are one of the leading causes of hospital admission, and their adequate management affects patient outcomes tremendously. Explore recent research and practice gaps in the field and you will get an excellent nursing Capstone project idea. Prevention of infections in a clinical setting. Infections are the ill of all healthcare establishments, and the rate of hospital-acquired infections remains uncontrollably high now. Look through materials on this issue – maybe you will find your own interesting, original research niche. Psychological assessment of patients suspected of depression. Depression is overlooked in hospital settings, especially if patients get there with some other health problems. A person’s state of psychological health has a heavy influence on the physical treatment outcomes, so diagnosing an early onset of depression may be a sound contribution to quick recovery. Home transfer research. Clients staying in the hospital receive 24/7 assistance and attention of healthcare staff. Nevertheless, many conditions are chronic and long-term, so people need to acquire vital self-care skills during their hospital stay. Propose some new educational interventions in this area. They are always topical and relevant for any country and any healthcare setting, since effective self-management of symptoms at home directly contributes to reduction of hospital readmissions. Â   Promotion of breastfeeding practices and education. Given the focus on breastfeeding in the contemporary medicine, this topic is always urgent. Develop some educational interventions or programs and your Capstone will be a hit. Though making a full-scale Capstone project is more complicated than dealing with a research paper topic selection process, you can still simplify it by choosing a topic that is truly interesting for you. Finally, you can always simplify the process of work on a Capstone project by using specialized programs and means for organizing time, space, and resources. Find many useful tips for this here. Read the next section to find some workable and interesting examples of nursing capstone projects and complete a quality paper for a decent grade. ORDER CAPSTONE PROJECT Some Examples of Nursing Capstone Projects. Many students fail to complete their project simply because they have no clue about what to include into the paper. In such cases, we offer some examples of nursing capstone projects from credible, published authors for your reference. Study them carefully and follow their structure. In such a way, you will be always confident that you are writing a worthy paper in compliance with guidelines in this professional area. Examples to consider include: A capstone teaching project for undergraduate nursing students: development of a visual teaching-learning tool (composed by Epstein in 2007 and published in the Journal of Nursing Education) Implementing Nerve Blocks for Patients Undergoing a Bilateral Mastectomy with Immediate Reconstruction: A Practice Change (Capstone of Corey Beene Auerswald at the University of Southern Mississippi). You can find documents listing previous Capstone project abstracts or titles composed by students of your educational establishment, such as the one of the Northeastern University. Have no capstone ideas for nursing? Entrust the task to our professional healthcare writers. They are always eager to help clients in need, possess a thorough understanding of clinical evidence, and compose well-researched medical research papers and projects on a variety of topics. Choosing our top services guarantees that your writing withstands even the strictest assessment.

Management Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management Concepts - Essay Example The employees trust and believe the visions of the leader and are very motivated. This organization is rapidly expanding organization, which is becoming increasingly popular among its customers. With an extensive marketing plan the organization can surely become the most popular place for rock climbing activities in Swansea. Dynamic rock is an organization established in the year 2004, with the aim of developing the indoor climbing center in the city of Swansea, United Kingdom. The company provides for the much-needed centre for the climbers from all over the country. This organization aims at providing the rock climbers with a friendly and accessible centre to pursue their passions. This organization is categorized under the Rock industries, with a small group of well-integrated staff members. (Dynamic rock, 2010) This dynamic organization has various opportunities and faces tough market competition. Under this paper we would try and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the organization, we would provide a competitor analysis so as to understand the scope of the organization in the near future. Applying the theories of strategic planning and leadership styles we would analyze how the organization can strengthen its long-term position. The report would have been more effective if the method of primary research among the customers would have been adopted. The customers’ views on the products and services offered by the organization would have been very accurate and would have provided an effective marketing strategy for the organization. The paper aims at the strategic analysis of the organization Dynamic Rocks. SWOT analysis would be applied to for the detailed understanding of the structure of the organization. The theories of Porter’s five forces and Ansoff’s analysis would be applied for the analysis of the rock industry and the company’s position

INCREASING AIRLINE SALES THE CASE OF VIRGIN ATLANTIC Assignment

INCREASING AIRLINE SALES THE CASE OF VIRGIN ATLANTIC - Assignment Example Fundamentally, the report suggests that the major challenges in increasing company sales come from the internal structures and business strategies adopted by the company. The report suggests a number of possible options towards increasing sales for the company, including merchandising, partnerships among others. The report finally concludes by offering suggestions in the recommendations section, on ensuring sustained profitability through increased sales. Table of contents 1.Introduction 4 2.Methodology 4 3.Background to airline industry 4 4.Background to Virgin Atlantic 5 5.Strategic market audit findings – increasing airline sales 6 5.1.Customer choices 6 5.2.Competition 6 5.3.Code share agreements 7 5.4.Frequent-flyer program 7 5.5.Distribution channels 8 6.Strategic options 8 6.1.Partnerships 9 6.2.Merchandising 10 6.3.Consumer research 11 6.4.Competitive mapping 12 7.Recommendations 13 8.Conclusion 14 9.Bibliography 14 10.Appendices 17 11.Annotated bibliography 18 11.1.Pr imary sources 18 11.2.Secondary sources 19 1. Introduction This report will focus on the airline industry with specific focus on ways of increasing sales for the Virgin Atlantic airline. ... 3. Background to airline industry The airline industry has continuously been transformed since the inception of aircrafts. Airlines have undertaken different income generating methods through including cargo and mail among the items transported. Traditionally airlines offered passenger travel to individuals moving between different locations. Considered a luxury for many individuals, the increasing number of airlines has resulted in airline transport becoming recognised and increasingly utilised. The airlines have further provided different products for their clients aimed at maximising the number of passengers transported. Global ranking for airlines continues to be based on number of passengers transported within passenger airlines. Increased competition within the airline industry continues to present surmountable challenges to various carriers within the industry. Different carrier routes continue to be developed as well as different products aimed at enhancing sales. Within the airline industry, many carriers have continuously focused on enhancing customer satisfaction and flying experience. Passenger carriers have also introduced other services like cargo and mail to increase revenue and diversify business opportunities. Many carriers have taken diversification further through acquisition of cargo planes. While some companies like DHL have specialised in cargo transportation, passenger carriers continue to invest in cargo as they diversify their business opportunities for sustainability 4. Background to Virgin Atlantic Virgin Atlantic is trademark of the Virgin Atlantic Airways Limited, registered in Britain as an airline based at the Gatwick airport in West

Introduction to Early Childhood Education - Assessment Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Early Childhood Education Assessment Essay Identify THREE quality indicators relevant to early childhood education and discuss why they are important for children, parents, and/or society. 300 words. The first quality indicator relevant to early childhood education would be people. Letting your child learn in an environment where the teachers and assistants are expert, well-trained and the majority of them hold qualifications in the area. They should be able to fully understand your child’s needs, communicate well with them ensuring they make your child feel safe and comfortable being around them. They should also be trusted and respected by staff, parents and children. The ‘place or environment’ would be the second indicator. The learning environment should make all children feel welcome regardless of the cultural, ethnic or language background. They should be able to provide a variety of, materials, equipment and play activity arranged to encourage children to learn. A stimulating outdoor environment that challenges and motivates children to explore, run and play is also important. An environment where they feel safe, and where parents can see their child, and feel comfortable knowing they are there. They should be able to feel secure in the environment they are in and to know their children can only benefit from being there. ‘Programme’ the third indicator. A quality learning programme should provide lots of learning opportunities in a wide range of different areas (reading, water play, sand play, dress-up, science, social play). A variety of activities either working in small groups or individual interactions with teachers. Parents should be able to BEd111: Introduction to Early Childhood Education Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper 2 to understand themselves about what their child is learning, having good communication with the centre employees, knowing what is going on and understanding their ways etc. an eye out being a parent and understanding the centres way. Teachers should always build trusting relationships with parents while always respecting and supporting different families cultures and languages. Reference List (ASPECTS OF QUALITY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Valerie N. Podmore and Anne Meade With Anne Kerslake Hendricks, 2000) (Collins Concise Dictionary, 2001, p. 1224). (Gibbs, C. (2006). To be a teacher: Journeys towards authenticity. Auckland: Pearson Education. ) BEd111: Introduction to Early Childhood Education Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper 3 Identify TWO early childhood services in your community. Briefly explain their history and then compare and contrast their philosophies, educational goals and the strategies employed to achieve these goals. 450 words. Montessori is a philosophy and method of education pioneered by the Italian educationalist Dr Maria Montessori (The first Montessori school opened in 1909, the first Waldorf school in 1919 and the first Playcentre in the 1930s) Montessori casa dei bambini or childrens house was first opened in San Lorenzo, Rome, Italy. Dr Maria Montessori recognised that the first six years of a child’s life are the most important. Dr Montessori, trialled many materials and activities, but kept only those to which the children were spontaneously and repeatedly drawn. Playcentre began in 1941 primarily as a support service to women left raising children alone due to partners being away with the Second World War. Lack of transport and low family incomes were the reality for many women. Playcentres original aims were â€Å"to provide leisure for mothers and opportunities for the social development of the pre-school child† (Stover, 1998, p. 3). Playcentre is a stimulating environment, they provide a diverse and rich range of experiences, unlimited free play across all 16 areas of play, and a child initiated curriculum. Montessori has a certain structure and is based on their own philosophy unlike playcentre. Playcentre is a parent run co-operative it relies heavily on parental input, participation and support. Montessori aim is to provide an environment with structure and activities that meet the needs of the children and by giving them freedom to move and act within it, it was said that Dr Montessori had revealed the â€Å"true nature† of the child. Their philosophy is aimed for Children to be encouraged to be firmly grounded in reality before being exposed to fantasy. Montessori classrooms are very BEd111: Introduction to Early Childhood Education Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper 4 quiet, as children are deeply absorbed in their work. They input this by managing the classroom materials into six areas (Practical Life Exercises, Sensorial Material, Art, Mathemartics, language, cultural subjects, and also physical is brought into their daily routine). Playcentre however is marked by a stimulating environment, providing a diverse and rich range of experiences, unlimited free play across all 16 areas of play, and a child initiated curriculum. Their views and goals are to promote children’s learning through play, Family involvement ( based on the importance of parents as educators of their own children) They like to View children as people who are strong and capable and can make their own choices about how and where to play (childinitiated play). Playcentre teachers are trained parents who take quite a hands on approach and implement learning, using a lot of open ended questions to extend children’s thinking. Montessori and playcentre have different methods. Both focus on the wellbeing of children, and help promote them to learn and grow through many different approaches. The key difference between Playschool and Montessori is that at playschool the whole family joins, rather than it just being a provider of education for the child. Reference List (Pre-schoolers: Preschool Education: Types of Early Childhood Care KYLIE VALENTINE 2010) (Stover, 1998, p. 3). May, H. (2002, Winter). Early childhood care and education in Aotearoa – New Zealand: An overview of history, policy and curriculum. McGill Journal of Education BEd111: Introduction to Early Childhood Education Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper 5. Discuss THREE of the following significant factors which were covered in this course and that promote health and safety in early childhood centres and explain the role of the early childhood practitioner in promoting and implementing these factors: 1. Providing a safe environment 2. Providing a hygienic and clean environment 3. Identifying and responding to childhood illness ‘Providing a safe environment’ Being a teacher, means constantly observing children and setting safety rules for them to create a safe centre. This is only part of the process. Teachers must always watch for hazardous situations. Toys, equipment, electrical appliances, hot water, and cleaning supplies can pose danger to children. Centre vehicles and the building itself can also be hazardous to children. As well as outdoor activities, certain heights and lengths of equipment need to be suitable for the environment as these pose a danger to children also. â€Å"Exploration is an important part of a child’s growth and development, and increased independence. However, that exploration should take place in an environment that is as free of hazards as possible† (MoH, 1997, p.71). ). The teacher’s role in identifying and removing or minimising potential hazards is vital. (See Moe, 2008, HS12-16, p. 19) A teacher’s first job should be to look at the environment where the children are going to play first thing in the morning, if there is anything unusual, broken or out of place that could be risk. Toy safety is another, choosing the items correctly the item itself, size, if it is appropriate for their age, etc. Picking safe toys and materials greatly reduces the risk of serious injury. Small things can cause serious harm, e. g. choking. However as a teacher, you must supervise children at all times when using BEd111: Introduction to Early Childhood Education Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper 6 the toys/playing. Creating rules for the children helps implement the importance of safety to them as well. ‘Providing a hygienic and clean environment ‘ In an Early childhood centre it is essential that all equipment is cleaned daily/weekly/monthly everything is to be sanitised/disinfected especially With children having access to all sorts of equipment daily (putting toys in their mouths, several hands touching the toys etc. ) It is very important for learning environments to be clean and safe as Germs can easily spread fast among children who play together. (Air, coughing, sneezing, Body waste and fluids, faeces, urine, saliva, mucus, skin, wounds, parasite, Blood, viruses and bacteria). Teachers should encourage children to also get involved with personal hygiene, getting them to blow their noses on tissues, washing hands before and after eating, or using the bathroom, this shows them how to help stay clean. â€Å"The importance of effective hand-washing for educators and children cannot be over-emphasised. Hand-washing is essential following animal handling, rubbish removal, outdoor activities, nose blowing, toileting and preceding food handling and consumption (MoH, 1997)† There are more strategies teachers influence to keep a safe healthy environment such as when a new child starts they talk about immunisation (immunisation charts) and excursion if a child is ill. These hygiene practices can likely reduce the spread of germs or uncleanliness in learning settings and it is essential to have a cleaning schedule. ‘†Identifying and responding to childhood illness† Early childhood teachers should be able to tell the signs and symptoms of an ill child . They should provide appropriate care for a child who is unwell. Sick children are usually have no interest in play, have BEd111: Introduction to Early Childhood Education Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper 7 little energy, short tempered and upset, may want to be held and comforted, fever, vomiting or diarrhoea. Parents should be notified, so they can come and collect their child. It is important to isolate the child from the group to prevent infecting others. A staff member must supervise the child closely, as a young child’s condition can change rapidly and they may need urgent attention. Children should always be reminded to also help stop spreading illness, they need to be given an idea, they may not understand the detail but as simple as reminding them to put their hand over their mouth when they sneeze or cough, grabbing a tissue when needed etc. Staff must always enforce hygienic care. Staff with Appropriate first aid should be administered to help with a situation where a child needs tending too e. g. If they are hurt, and need wounds cleaned and banded. The Ministry of Health (1997) advises that children should stay away from early childhood services when they are ill. Depending on your childcare provider they to have their own policy towards the issue. Teachers are not expected to diagnose conditions, that is what the doctors are for. However, having knowledge of how certain illnesses manifest, spread, and incubate is very important. Having a first aid certificate is a positive in the childcare industry having the knowledge of what to do in certain situations, it benefits the children and the centre. Reference List Auckland Regional Public Health Service. (May 2010). Health safety guidelines for early childhood centres. Retrieved 19th September, 2011, fromhttp://www. arphs. govt. nz/Portals/0/Health%20Information/PDFs/ECC_HealthSafet yGuidelines. pdf Childcare illness from http://www. careforkids. com. au/articlesv2/article. asp? ID=71 (Ministry of Health, 1997).

College Admissions Essay: I’m Not Deaf, and I’m Not Dumb! :: College Admissions Essays

I’m Not Deaf, and I’m Certainly Not Dumb! A hearing loss can present many obstacles in one's life. I have faced many issues throughout my life, many of which affected me deeply. When I first realized that I was hearing-impaired, I didn't know what it meant. As I grew older, I came to understand why I was different from everyone. It was hard to like myself or feel good about myself because I was often teased. However, I started to change my attitude and see that wearing hearing aids was no different than people wearing glasses to see. I attended the BOCES Program for the Hearing Impaired for eleven years. I initially liked BOCES but later grew to dislike this program. The teachers often made me feel incapable of doing what the "normal kids" were doing. I wanted to do more challenging things! I remember that one time I asked one of my teachers if I could take a Spanish class. Her reply was "NO!". She didn't think I could handle it because I had a hearing loss. I was persistent and took the class anyway. I did very well. I proved her wrong. But above all, I proved to myself that if I wanted something enough, I could do it. It was a great feeling! During my junior year of high school, I was transferred from the Boces Program to East Meadow High School. This was an exciting time in my life! I was finally going to attend classes with "hearing" students. So many emotions filled my head. I was happy but, on the other hand, I was scared. I thought these kids would tease me and not accept me for who I am. When I went into the classroom, every student looked at me as if I were different, but they liked me anyway. Much to my surprise, within a couple of days I had made friends. I quickly realized that they didn't think of or treat me as I were different. They saw me for who I am on the inside, not a person with hearing aids on the outside. Although I have a hearing problem, it doesn't stop me from living the life of a teenager. I enjoy doing things with friends and I am involved in school activities. I had the opportunity of joining Key Club this year and participating in their community-related services.

Eqyptian Culture Essay

Ancient Egypt was a fascinating and complex place. Luckily for historians, Egyptians had made great strides in record keeping which have made studying their culture and society easier than some previous historical eras. Ancient Egyptians were a people who were intensely religious, deeply divided by gender roles and a strong hierarchy, and quite advanced for their period in terms of their technological and economic innovations. Egyptians were deeply religious, and religion played a role in nearly all aspects of their daily lives. When the ancient Egyptians experienced periods of peace and prosperity, they attributed credit for the success to their deities (Slaughter, 5). The Egyptians experienced centuries of remarkable stability and considered this state to be the ma ’at, which was Egyptian for the â€Å"natural order† (Slaughter, 5). Even though they considered good order and balance in their society to be natural, it had to be protected by the pharaoh, who was conside red to have been born mortal but imbued with godhood upon receipt of the throne, and was expected to be an earthly presence of the divine (Slaughter, 5). His religious standing gave the pharaoh a unique legal and authoritative position in ancient Egyptian culture. The pharaoh was expected to defend the nation, take responsibility for all administrative duties, declare all of the laws, and own all of the land (Slaughter, 5). For practical reasons, much of the pharaoh’s responsibilities were delegated to a bureaucracy (Slaughter, 5). Within this bureaucracy, staffed mostly by men, success was measured by the degree to which a person promoted order and prosperity within their stewardship (Slaughter, 5-6). Ancient Egypt had a strong social hierarchy, where a small group of the population, mostly the male elders, formed an elite class that that tightly controlled the rest of society (Slaughter, 7). This hierarchy was rooted in a wide variety of economic, political, religious and social causes that imbued those in power with authority in almost all areas of society (Slaughter, 7). The nature of most economic and commercial activity at the time created great â€Å"wealth, power, and opportunities† for elite men, while putting other men and all women in a position of submission to or dependence on the elite (Slaughter, 7). The division of labor that arose based at first on survival needs created societal attitudes about the roles, attributes, and abilities of men and women (Slaughter, 7). Men were the rulers and hard laborers, while women were the family caretakers (Slaughter, 7). The fertility and sexuality of a woman was her main contribution to Egyptian society, and these attributes were celebrated throughout the culture (Slaughter, 7). Women were expected to marry at 12 or 13 years of age, and to bear children often within the first year after marriage (Discussion, Ian Falconer). Although women were usually not part of the religious or political ruling elite, they were highly respected for their fertility, and were given most of the same legal rights as men (Discussion, Keako Crill). In some rare instances, women actually did manage to rise to stations of power and privilege, sometimes as priestesses to a God within the pharaoh’s bureaucracy (Slaughter, 5), and in four instances, including the case of Hatshepsut, women actually became the supreme rulers of the land (Slaughter, 6). Ancient Egyptians achieved an impressive level of manufacturing and commercia l capability for their time, which allowed them to achieve great strength and geopolitical dominance. Egyptians took advantage of many opportunities to learn, such as using the mummification process as a chance to learn about anatomy and medicine (Discussion, Katelyn Dreger). The Egyptians also developed a calendar with the same number of days as ours, though more closely tied to the seasons. Their calendar had three seasons, each consisting of four 30 day months, and an extra five days between harvest and planting that brought the total days in a year to 365 (Discussion, Tad Gale). This system allowed them to know when to plant and harvest based on the seasons of the year and the rise and fall of the water level in the Nile River in order to get maximum utilization of their vital lands. They also managed to develop a forerunner to our modern day beer by either fermenting water with bread crumbled into it, or by actually fermenting barley and wheat in a similar fashion to modern methods (Discussion, Tad Gale.) Their engineering feats were also impressive, and ranged from the technical prowess that showed itself in their massive pyramids, to the mastery of physics involved in developing advanced chariots that ran faster, quieter, and more stable than their counterparts created by their enemies (Discussion, Blair Vanderlugt). The nature of ancient Egyptian society was quite unique for its time period. Egyptian culture was distinct from neighboring nations, and Egyptians had many advantages that gave them an edge politically and commercially.

Racism in the Tuskegee Experiment Essay

The Tuskegee experiment, begun in 1932 by the United States Public Health Service in Macon County, Alabama, used 400 black men who suffered from advanced stages of syphilis.   This study was not a means of finding a cure; the patients offered no preventative measures to prolong or better life.   Although the history and nature of syphilis was well understood, certain scientists believed that more research could certainly be done. In terms of whom to study, the doctors developing the format discovered a â€Å"ready-made situation† (Jones 94). Macon County Alabama was impoverished, like much of the country in 1932.   The selection process began during the depression, a time of separation and intolerance.   In the rural South, where we find Tuskegee, the men chosen were not seen, at the time, as equal in any sense of the word. Jones refers to prominent doctors of the region who, in the late 1800s, scientifically defined diseases that were peculiar to the race.   One such disease, Cachexia Africana, caused the subject to eat dirt.   The public did not question such obviously ridiculous claims at the time.   In fact, the public heralded these doctors and requested a manual for treating blacks in order to save slave-owners and the like money in paying for doctors (17).   Given the distaste for the ethnicity of the subjects, could their ethnicity have been a factor in the selection process? At the time, the medical profession had already made some false assumptions about the African American race in general.   Jones reiterated the white-held theory that black men had larger penises and little constraints when it came to sexual intercourse (23).   It was also believed that they were harder to treat for syphilis because African Americans were stupid. In examining this mindset, it becomes clear why the government erringly felt it should go to the poorer black communities in rural Alabama conduct a syphilis study.   Believed to be an immoral sex-centered culture placed at the level of animals, the government would put them in league with mice and rats.   As disgusting as the premise is, the doctors needed lab animals and set out to find them. If this were true – how could the government get away with it?   Blatant disregard for humanity and life could not go unnoticed.   However, the geographical area in question had just been the last state of the union to discontinue chain gang use in its penitentiaries in 1928.   The South had not yet begun to consider African-Americans as people – not in the slightest meaning of the word. Jones reiterates the sentiment of the doctors at the time and place with, â€Å"short of a ‘quick-fix’ by science requiring no behavior changes by blacks, there was no hope for the race† (26). The Health service claimed they informed the subjects of their disease, although an internship at the time the experiments began, Dr. J.W. Williams, stated the men received no such information.   He also claims the internships registered the data collected without understanding the nature of the experiment either (Jones 5). The term ‘racist’ as defined in the Random House Webster’s College Dictionary reads, †a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among various human races determine cultural or individual achievement, usually involving the idea that one’s own race is superior† (1072).   Given this definition, it is clear that the Tuskegee experiments were racist.   To withhold the nature of the experiments from the subjects, the name of the disease, the treatment of its symptoms and to feel no remorse in inflicting this sort of medical indictment on fellow human beings is not just racist, but also immoral and unjust. Jones points out the Health Services did investigate the treatment of these patients in an Ad Hoc committee.   The resulting medical treatments for the wives and children of the male subjects was offered with no cash restitution allowed (214).   In the end, the government did agree to $10 million dollars in payments to the â€Å"living syphiltics†, the next of kin for those already dead, â€Å"living controls† and the next of kin for the dead controls.   If you had been living with the disease and never treated, you would get a grand total of $37, 500; a paltry amount for the pain and suffering from neglect and racist bigotry (217). Works Cited Jones, James H. Bad Blood: The scandalous story of the Tuskegee experiment – when government doctors played God and science went mad. New York, NY: The Free Press, 1981. Random House Webster’s College Dictionary, 2nd Ed.   New York, NY: Random House, 1997.

Air Pressure and How It Affects the Weather

Air Pressure and How It Affects the Weather An important characteristic of the Earths atmosphere is its air  pressure, which determines wind and weather patterns across the globe. Gravity exerts a pull on the planets atmosphere just as it keeps us tethered to its surface. This gravitational force causes the atmosphere to push against everything it surrounds, the pressure rising and falling as Earth turns. What Is Air Pressure? By definition, atmospheric or air pressure is the force per unit of area exerted on the Earth’s surface by the weight of the air above the surface. The force exerted by an air mass is created by the molecules that make it up and their size, motion, and number present in the air. These factors are important because they determine the temperature and density of the air and thus its pressure. The number of air molecules above a surface determines air pressure. As the number of molecules increases, they exert more pressure on a surface and the total atmospheric pressure increases. By contrast, if the number of molecules decreases, so too does the air pressure. How Do You Measure It? Air pressure is measured with mercury or aneroid barometer. Mercury barometers measure the height of a mercury column in a vertical glass tube. As air pressure changes, the height of the mercury column does as well, much like a thermometer. Meteorologists measure air pressure in units called atmospheres (atm). One atmosphere is equal to 1,013 millibars (MB) at sea level, which translates into 760 millimeters of quicksilver when measured on a mercury barometer. An aneroid barometer uses a coil of tubing with most of the air removed. The coil then bends inward when pressure rises and bows out when pressure drops. Aneroid barometers use the same units of measurement and produce the same readings as mercury barometers, but they dont contain any of the element. Air pressure is not uniform across the planet, however. The normal range of the Earths air pressure is from 980 MB  to 1,050 MB. These differences are the result of low and high air pressure systems, which are caused by unequal heating across the Earths surface and the  pressure gradient force.   The highest barometric pressure on record was 1,083.8  MB  (adjusted to sea level), measured in Agata, Siberia, on Dec. 31, 1968. The lowest pressure ever measured was 870  MB, recorded as Typhoon Tip struck the western Pacific Ocean on Oct 12, 1979. Low-Pressure Systems A low-pressure system, also called a depression, is an area where the atmospheric pressure is lower than that of the area surrounding it. Lows are usually associated with high winds, warm air, and atmospheric lifting. Under these conditions, lows normally produce clouds, precipitation, and other turbulent weather, such as tropical storms and cyclones. Areas prone to low pressure do not have extreme diurnal (day vs. night) nor extreme seasonal temperatures because the clouds present over such areas reflect incoming solar radiation back into the atmosphere. As a result,  they cannot warm as much during the day (or in the summer) and at night they act as a blanket, trapping heat below. High-Pressure Systems A  high-pressure system, sometimes called an anticyclone, is an area where the atmospheric pressure is greater than that of the surrounding area. These systems move clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere due to the Coriolis Effect. High-pressure areas are normally caused by a phenomenon called subsidence, meaning that as the air in the high cools it becomes denser and moves toward the ground. Pressure increases here because more air fills the space left from the low. Subsidence also evaporates most of the atmospheres water vapor, so high-pressure systems are usually associated with clear skies and calm weather. Unlike areas of low pressure, the absence of clouds means that areas prone to high-pressure experience extremes in diurnal and seasonal temperatures since there are no clouds to block incoming solar radiation or trap outgoing longwave radiation at night. Atmospheric Regions Across the globe, there are several regions  where the air pressure is remarkably consistent. This can result in extremely predictable weather patterns in regions like the tropics or the poles. Equatorial low-pressure trough: This area is in the Earths equatorial region (0 to 10 degrees north and south) and is composed of warm, light, ascending, and converging air. Because the converging air is wet and full of excess energy, it expands and cools as it rises, creating the clouds and heavy rainfall that are prominent throughout the area. This low-pressure zone trough also forms the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone  (ITCZ) and trade winds.Subtropical high-pressure cells: Located between 20 degrees and 35 degrees north/south, this is a zone of hot, dry air that forms as the warm air descending from the tropics becomes hotter. Because hot air can hold more water vapor, it is relatively dry. The heavy rain along the equator also removes most of the excess moisture. The dominant winds in the subtropical high are called westerlies.Subpolar low-pressure cells: This area is at 60 degrees north/south latitude and features cool, wet weather. The Subpolar low is caused by the meeting o f cold air masses from higher latitudes and warmer air masses from lower latitudes. In the northern hemisphere, their meeting forms the polar front, which produces the low-pressure cyclonic storms responsible for precipitation in the Pacific Northwest and much of Europe. In the southern hemisphere, severe storms develop along these fronts and cause high winds and snowfall in Antarctica. Polar high-pressure cells: These are located at 90 degrees north/south and are extremely cold and dry. With these systems, winds move away from the poles in an anticyclone, which descends and diverges to form the polar easterlies. They are weak, however, because little energy is available in the poles to make the systems strong. The Antarctic high is stronger, though, because it is able to form over the cold landmass instead of the warmer sea. By studying these highs and lows, scientists are better able to understand the Earths circulation patterns and predict the weather for use in daily life, navigation, shipping, and other important activities, making air pressure an important component to meteorology and other atmospheric science. Sources: Encyclopaedia Brittanica editors. Barometer. Brittanica.com, 3 Feb. 2017.National Geographic staff. Atmospheric Pressure. NationalGeographic.com.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration staff. Weather Systems and Patterns. NOAA.gov, 14 Feb. 2011.

Writing Descriptive Paragraphs for English Learners

Writing Descriptive Paragraphs for English Learners Writing descriptive paragraphs can be successful as one of the first writing activities for students. Start by helping students understand the difference between simple and complex sentences, and move on to practice writing complex sentences. Students should also be familiar with a wide range of descriptive adjectives. Start by having students answer basic questions below. Next, use the writing exercise to expand the answers into a well-formed descriptive paragraph. Descriptive paragraphs are often used to describe what a person looks and acts like. Read this example descriptive paragraph, notice how descriptive paragraphs are arranged by putting together all the sentences about the same thing. Here is an example of a descriptive paragraph: I am forty years old, rather tall and I have blue eyes and short black hair. I wear casual clothes as I teach students in a relaxed atmosphere. I enjoy my job because I get to meet and help so many different people from all over the world. During my spare time, I like playing tennis which I play at least three times a week. I also love listening to classical music and I must admit that I spend a lot of money on buying new CDs! I live in a pretty seaside town on the Italian coast. I enjoy eating great Italian food and laughing with the likable people who live here. Written Exercise I Answer these questions about yourself on a piece of paper. How old are you?What do you look like?What kind of clothes do you wear? Why?What kind of job do you do? Do you like it?What are your favorite hobbies? Why do you like them?Where do you live?Do you like living there? Why or why not? Written Exercise II Now that you have the information about yourself ready. Fill in the gaps in to complete this descriptive paragraph about yourself. I am _________ years old, I _________________ (your looks). I wear ________________ because ______________. I am a ______________. I like / dont like my job because _____________________. I enjoy ______________. I often _____________ (describe how often you do your hobby). I also like ________________ (write about another hobby) because ________________. I live in ____________. People in ____________ are ________________ . I enjoy / dont enjoy living in ______________ because ____________. Practice Ask your friends the same questions as in Exercise I and write paragraphs about them.

Mike Tyson Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mike Tyson - Research Paper Example But two decades after he won a gold medal in the 1981 Junior Olympics, Tyson has been dubbed as "a terrifying man who has not just grown up, but grown into someone you now might want to know" (Stasi, 2011; Heller, 1995, p. 70). Through Tysons colorful career, notorious exploits and hard life, it would seem that he remained victorious in the end. Tyson was born on June 30, 1966 in Brooklyn, New York to unmarried parents, Lorna Smith Tyson and Jimmy Kirkpatrick (Heller, 1995, p. 6). Tysons father left when he was 2 years old, and Mike, together with his older brother and sister, lived a hard life (TysonTalk, 2009). The single mother and her three children had to live off of welfare and public assistance; and they had to live in "some of Americas most notorious addresses" (Heller, 1995, p. 7). As a young boy, Tyson was described as a big but timid boy who had a passion for taking care of pigeons and who didnt fight back against bullies, earning the nickname of "Fairy Boy" (pp. 7-8). Tysons constant playmate was his sister because his brother would beat him up (p. 8). He had a gentle and kind nature that was instilled in him by a mother who hated violence (p. 8). But violence would soon enter Tysons life. Tysons transition from being the Fairy Boy to becoming one of the most feared fighters in the world occurred when a bully took one of his pigeons, snapped its neck and tore its head off in front of him (Heller, 1995, pp. 8-9; TysonTalk, 2009). Tyson reacted with pent-up rage and beat the bigger boy to a pulp (p. 9). "It was the first time he emerged triumphant by using his fists" (p. 9). At 11 years old, Tyson gained a reputation for being someone other children should not mess with. He became involved in a gang and became one of the bullies he used to hate so much, gaining and ruling neighborhoods as territories and